Torpedo course controller



April 1957 c. H. SCHLESMAN ETAL 2,788,761

TORPEDO COURSE CONTROLLER ,Filed Feb. 29, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 F I G.l.

INVENTORS C. H. SOHLESMAN R. C. KENT JR. R.G. DAUDELIN BY R ATTORNEYS p l 1957 c. H. SCHLESMAN ETAL 2,788,761

' TORPEDO COURSE CONTROLLER Filed Feb. 29, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG 2.

INVENTORS C. H. SGHLESMAN R. C. KENT JR. R. G. DAUDELIN RN ATTORNEYS April 6, 1957 c. H. SCHLESMAN ETAL 2,788,761

TORPEDO COURSE CONTROLLER Filed Feb. 29, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS C. H. SCHLESMAN R. C. KENT JR. R. G. DAUDELIN BY mm \RNW ATTORNEYS April 16, 1957 c. H. SCHLESMAN ET AL TORPEDO COURSE CONTROLLER Filed Feb. 29. 1952 /-PRELIMINARY RUN 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS C. H. SOHLESMAN R. G. KENT JR. R. G. DA'UDELIN I BY W? ATTORNEYS United States PatentO TORPEDO COURSE CONTROLLER Carleton H. Schlesman, Washington. D. C., and Raymond C. Kent, Jr., and Roland G. Daudelin, Silver Spring, Md., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Application February 29, 1952, Serial No. 274,268

6 Claims. (Cl. 114-24) (Granted under Title 35, U. S. Code (1952), see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

The present invention relates to a torpedo course controller and more particularly to an electromechanical unit which is adapted to be incorporated in existing torpedoes to provide a means whereby a torpedo will follow a predetermined course pattern.

The steering of torpedoes is accomplished by means of a gyroscope sending signals to a steering motor which in turn transmits the signals to the rudder. The torpedo will follow a course determined by the position of the top cam plate of the gyroscope. To cause the torpedo to follow a predetermined course pattern it is only necessary to provide a means to rotate the top cam plate of the gyroscope an amount correlative of the desired course angle. The torpedo will turn the desired angle and continue on a straight course until the cam plate of the gyroscope is again rotated. Heretofore torpedoes have been designed which are adapted to follow a course determined by a prescribed initial firing angle. However, if the torpedo fails to make a hit it passes on until it becomes exhausted. The present invention provides a means to cause the torpedo to follow a zigzag pattern crossing and recrossing the line of travel of the target thereby increasing the probability of scoring a hit. Devices of this nature have been provided heretofore, however, such units usually involve substantial modification of existing equipment, are not easily assembled or disassembled and are not adapted to the wide variety of course patterns possible with the present invention.

The invention disclosed herein may be incorporated in existing torpedoes without substantial modification thereof and is adapted to rotate the top cam plate of the torpedo gyroscope according to the desired predetermined angles set on the device. The gyroscope in response thereto actuates the steering motor which functions to turn the torpedo rudder. The course controller includes a lower rotor provided with the plurality of contact strips and contact fingers which are connected through a system of switches to an upper rotor which is also provided with a series of contact strips and adjustable contact fingers. The lower rotor is driven by the torpedo propulsion motor through a reduction gearing. The desired course angles are. set by moving the adjustable contact fingers on the upper rotor. A motor adapted to be energized by the contact strips on the upper rotor rotates the top'cam plate of the gyroscope thereby transmitting the desired course angle to the rudder. Accordingly, as various contacts on the upper rotor are energized the motor is run for varying lengths of time determined by the angles set by the adjustable contact fingers. In addition to providing a means for setting any desired course angles the present invention includes a means for varying the length of the preliminary run of the torpedo. The preliminary run is the straight course the torpedo follows after assuming Patented Apr. 16, 1957 the direction determined by the initial firing angle and is generally equal to the distance of the firing ship tothe target along the course determined by the firing angle.

The primary object of this invention is the provision of means for causing a torpedo to follow a predetermined course pattern in which after assuming thefiringangle and running a prescribed time, the torpedo crosses and recrosses the line of movement of the target.

Another object of this invention is the'provision of an electromechanical torpedo course controller inlwhich the-initial firing angleglength of preliminary run and course'pattern angles may be independently va'riedto suit any operational requirement. 1

Still another object of this invention is to provide a means for causing a torpedo to follow a predetermined course pattern in which the top cam plate of the gyro-f scope is rotated to actuate the steering motor which in turn moves the rudder of the torpedo.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a course controller for a torpedo which is adaptable for use with existing equipment without involving substantial modification thereof.

Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of the course controller with parts broken away to show certain details;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the device with certain parts broken away; V

Fig. 3 is a circuit wiring diagram;

Fig. 4 is a pattern of a torpedo course obtained by use of the present invention; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the arrangement and relative positions of the contact fingers and contact strips on the upper rotor.

Referring now to Fig. 1 there is shown a'shaft 1 which extends from the propulsion motor of the torpedo (not shown) to a gear reduction unit 2 which is in a ratio of approximately 5,000 to 1. Within this gear reduction unit there is provided a clutch (not shown) accessible by means of a screw 3 mounted on the outer face of the gear reduction unit. The output shaft 4 extending from the gear reduction unit is fixedly mounted within a lower rotor 5 and has the outer end thereof journalled within a supporting bracket 6. Mounted on the gear reduction unit and extending upwardly therefrom are supporting plates 7 and 8 on the upper ends of which is mounted top plate 9. Fixedly mounted on the rear face of supporting plate 8 are a reversible motor 11 and a three contact relay 12. Shaft 13 extending from the motor is journalled in top plate 9 and provided with a worm 14 engaging worm wheel 17 which through shaft 16 drives worm 15. 1

Mounted between supporting plates 7 and 8 is an upper bracket 18 and rotatably mounted between this member and the top plate is a shaft 19 which is provided with gear reduction means 21. The upper gearof this means engages worm 15 whereas the lower gear meshes with the gear 22 fixedly mounted on a shaft 23 journalled within the top plate 9. Bevel gears 24 and 25 transmit rotation of shaft 23 to shaft 26 which is journalled within block 27 mounted on the under side of top plate 9. Shaft 26' extends into engagement with the top cam plate of the gyroscope (not shown). Shaft 23 extends downwardly through the upper bracket 18 and the lower end thereof is suitably journalled within supporting bracket 6. Fixedly mounted on shaft 23 is an upper rotor 28 and it is apparent that energization of motor 11 will cause both rotation of the upper rotor 28 through shaft 23 and rotation of the top darn plate 'of the gyroscope through engagement with shaft 26.

The lower rotor is provided with six grooves 29 which extend around the entire periphery thereof within which are mounted contact strips 31-36 which are of varyinglengths. The relative positions and lengths of these contact strips are shown in the circuit wiring diagram Fig. 3 in which the rotor is shown in developed form. In this figure for the'sake of clarity the grooves 29jhave been omitted.- Contact strips 31 and 36 are 360 in length extending around the entire periphery of the rotor. Contact strip 32 isa 5 segment and is located at approximately the center of the strip 33 which extends through 'l60.- Contact strip 35 is also 160 in'length and strips'3'4 and 341a are each 20 segments. [team he seen,-ttherefore,"that the combination of the contact strips 33, 34a, 34 and 35 extend around the entire periphery of the-rotor 5. Fixed contact fingers areprovided for engagement with the contact strips 31-36. An insulated bracket '37,"Fig-. l, is mounted on support 7 and on the outer'e'nd thereof; are securely mounted spring contact fingers 38 and 39 which extend into engagement with contact strips 31- and 32. Thereis further provided on support 7'an insulated bracket .41 on'which are mounted contact fingers 42 to 45 which extend into engagement with contact strips 33 to 36 respectively. Fixedly mounted on the lower rotor 5 is worm wheel 46. Rotatably mounted in thesupporting plate 7 is a shaft 47, Fig. 2, onthe' outer end of which is mounted a worm 48 engaging worm wheel 46. his apparent thereforethat, upon release of the shaft 4 from the gear reduction unit 2 by means of the clutch operated by screw 3, the lower rotor 5 can be rotated by rotation of shaft 47.

The upper rotor 28 is also provided with the series of grooves 49 in which are mounted contact strips 51 to 56. The relative positions'and lengths of these strips are shown in Fig. 3. Strips 51 and 52 are 360 rings and strips 53 to 56 are split rings each segment of each ring extending through 175 leaving two non-conducting gaps of 5 spaced 180 apart. Mounted on supporting plate 7 is an insulated bracket 57, Fig. 1, which supports spring contact fingers 58' and 59 which extend into engagement with contact strips 51 and 52 respectively. Rotatably mounted in suitable grooves in the-upper rotor are worm wheels 61 to 64 on which are securely mounted insulated brackets which serve to support the contact fingers 65 to 68 engaging contact strips 53 to 56, respectively. 1 In Fig. 2 supporting plate 7 is broken away to show the means for rotating the worm wheels. Suitably supported within plate 7 are shafts 69 to 72 the inner ends of which are provided with worms similar to the worms 73 shown on shaft 72. These worms engage wormwheels 61 to 64,- respectively whereby rotation of any of the shafts 69 to 72 will-impart rotation to the driven worm wheel and contact finger.

Referring now to the circuit wiring diagram of Fig. 3 it can be that a number of-internalconnections have been provided withi-nthe lowerand upper rotors. In the lower rotor 5 contact strips 32 and 31 are interconnected and contact strip 36 is provided-with conductors leading to contact strips33, 34 and 35. In the upper rotor 28 one segment of each of contact strips 53 to 56 has been connected internally withcontact s'trip 51 whereas theother segment of contact strips 53 to 56 has been: connected internally with contact =strip' 52. It can be t'urther seen that-the direction of rotation of motor 11 will dependupon which ofcontact strips 51 and 52 is energized since contact fingers 58 and 59 connect with opposite sides of the motor. Relay 12- simultaneously actua'tes switches 74, 75 and 76 one of which, switch 76, is normally in a closed position whereas switches 74 and 75 are nonmallyinan open position. An electrical source isconnected through a hydrostatically controlled inertia switch 77 tocontactfinger 38 and to switches 74, 75 and 76. "Contact fingers-"42 to 44- are provided with 4 direct connection with contact fingers 67, 66 and 65, respectively whereas contact fingers 39, 45 and 68 are provided with leads to switches 74 to 76.

The operation of the presently disclosed torpedo course controller will now be described in connection with a typical pattern shown in Fig. 4. The torpedo upon leaving the firing ship 78 assumes a course determined by the initial firing angle A and follows this course for a length of time determined by thelength of the preliminary run. The line of movement of the target is represented by the dashed line, and it is anticipated that the torpedo will strike the target at point R. However, if it fails to score a hit at this point it follows the illustrated pattern, and a hit may be scored at point S or point T. For the purposes of explanation it will be assumed that a torpedo turn in a counterclockwise direction represents a negative angle whereas a turn in a clockwise direction corresponds to a positive angle. In the pattern shown, therefore, angle A equals 60, angle B equals +60, angle C equals +30", angle D'equals +30, angle E equals 30", and angle F equals ''30.

In setting the course'controller for this pattern it is first necessary to determine the length ofpreliminary run desired. From the known speed of the torpedo and the known speed of rotation of lower rotor 5 the amount necessary to offset contact strip 32 withrespect to fixed contact finger 39 to secure the desired preliminaryrun may be determined since the energization of this contact finger is the controlling factor as will be hereinafter more fully described; Contact strip 32 is offset with respect to contact finger 39 by first releasing the-shaft 4 from engagement with the gear reduction-unit 2 by operation of the'clutch means through screw 3 and by manually rotating the lower rotor 5.

The desired course angles are set-on the course controller by rotation of the adjustable contact fingers on the upper rotor 28. When contact fingers 65 to 68 are positioned in the non-conducting gaps of contact strips 53 to 56, they are in a zero position; and positive 01" negative angles may be set depending upon which segment of the split ring contact strip the finger is rotated onto. The settings of the contact fingers with respect to the contact strips on the upper rotor to obtain the pattern illustrated is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5. Negative angles are set by movingthe contact finger to the left of the zero position onto that segment of the contact strip which connects with contact strip 52, and positive angles are set by moving the contact finger onto that segment of the contact strip which connects with the contact strip 51. In order to secure the pattern illustrated in Fig. 4 the settings ofthe contact fingers with respect to the contact strips are as illustrated at AA in Fig. 5 in which contact finger 68 is oflset- 60 with respect to the Zero position on thenegative angle'segmcnt 0t contact strip 56, contact finger 57 is moved tothe zero position with respect finger 66 is moved 30 of-contact strip 54, and contact finger 65 is moved 60 onto the positive angle segment ofcontact s'trip53.

When the torpedo is fired, hydrostatically controlled inertia switch 77 will be closed by the pressure of the water thereagainst and current will be supplied to contact strips 31 and 32 by contact finger 38 and currentwill be further supplied to switches 74, 75 and 76. Since contact strip 32 has been offset with respect to contact finger 39 to set the preliminary run this finger will notbe e'nergized. However, as hereinbcfore pointedout, switch 76 is normally closed, hence, the current flows to contact strip 56 through contact finger 68 and, since this finger is offset on the negative angle segment of the contact strip 56, the strip 52 will be energized. Contact finger 59 transmits the current to' motor 11- which drives the upper rotor and transmits a signal to the top cam plate of the gyroscope.- The motor continues t'oop'erate until it has driven the upper refer to a position wherein= to contact strip 55,-:contaetonto the positive angle segmentthe contact finger 68 rests in the non-conducting gap or it is turning continuously throughout the torpedo run.

When the lower rotor rotates to a position wherein contact finger 39 engagesstrip 32 current is supplied to relay 12 which simultaneously operates the switches to close switches 74 and 75 and to open switch 76. Switch 74 performs the function of supplying current directly from thesource to the relay 12 to hold the switches in this position after contact finger 39 has run. off contact strip 32. Since switch 76 is held'in the open position throughout the remainder of the torpedo run, current is not again supplied to the contact finger 68, and, hence, the initial firing angle A is out of the circuit. Switch 75 functions to supply current through contact finger 45 to strip-36 which through internal connections within rotor energizes contact strips 33, 34, and 35.

Sincecontact strip 32 is located at the center of contact strip 33, when contact finger 39 engages contact strip 32, contact finger 42 is approximately at the center of contact strip 33. Consequently current is supplied from contact strip 33 through contact finger 42 to contact finger 67 on the upper rotor 28. Due to the rotation of the upper rotor 28 when the initial angle A was set in, contact finger 67 is now located 60 on the positive angle segment of contact strip 55 as shown at BB in Fig. 5. Hence the current flows from contact finger 67 through contact strip 55 to contact strip 51. The motor is then driven in the opposite direction to rotate the upper rotor and transmit a signal to the top cam of the gyroscope and continues to operate until contact finger 67 is located at the zero position of contact strip 55. Hence an angle correlative of the 60 contact finger 67 was offset with respect to contact strip 55 has been transmitted to the top cam plate of the gyroscope. During the time the motor is driving the upper rotor to the zero position the lower rotor is moved only one or two degrees hence contact finger 42 is still on strip 33. The torpedo will continue on a straight course determined by the angle B until contact finger 42 has run off contact strip 33 and contact finger 43 engages strip 34. When contact finger 43 engages contact strip 34 to energize finger 66 on the upper rotor this rotor will be in the position illustrated at CC in Fig. 5 with contact finger 66 ofiset 30 on the positive angle segment of contact strip 54. Current, therefore, flows from contact finger 66 through contact strip 54 to contact strip 51 to drive the motor and transmit a signal to the gyroscope and rotate the upper rotor until contact finger 66 rests in the zero position of contact strip 54. The torpedo will remain on the course determined by angle C for only a short time due to the relatively short length of the contact strip 34. When contact finger 44 engages contact strip 35, contact finger 65 is ofiset 30 on the positive angle segment of contact strip 53 as shown at DD, Fig. 5. Hence, the motor is driven through contact strip 51 to drive the upper rotor until contact finger 65 rests in the zero position of contact strip 53 and an angle correlative of the 30 contact finger 65 was oifset with respect to its contact strip is transmitted to the top cam plate of the gyroscope. Since the full length of contact strip 35 is utilized as compared with the half length of contact strip 33 first used, the torpedo will continue on a course determined by the angle D for twice as long as it continued on the course determined by the angle B. Continued rotation of the lower rotor 5 causes contact strip 34a to engage contact finger 43 to reenergize contact finger 66 which is now otfset 30 on the negative 7 j 6 a angle segment of contact strip 54 as shown at BB in Fig. 5. Hence the motor 11 is driven through contact strip 52 to turn the upper rotor 28.to a position wherein contact finger 66 rests in the zeroposition of contact strip 54 and transmits to the gyroscope an angle correlative of the 30 the contact finger 66 was ofiset with respect to contact strip 54. The position of the contact fingers with respect to the upper rotor is shown at FF in Fig. 5 after the angle E has been transmitted to the gyroscope. Upon continued rotation of the lower rotor 5 contact finger 42 reengages contact strip 33 to transmit the current to contact finger 67 which is now offset on the negative angle segment of contact strip 55 as shown at FF in Fig. 5. Angle F is now transmitted to the gyroscope and, since the full length of the. contact strip 33 is utilized, the torpedo continues on the course determined by angle F for a distance equal to the length It will be of the course determined by the angle D. seen that upon further rotation of the lower rotor 5 and reengagement of contact strip 34 a signal correlative of a positive 30 angle will be transmitted to the gyroscope since the contact finger 66 is offset 30 on the positive angle segment of the contact strip 54 as seen in G6 Fig. 5. It is apparent that the pattern illustrated will be continued until the torpedo becomes exhausted.

It can be seen therefore that there has been provided a course controller for a torpedo in which the initial firing angle,

the length of the preliminary run and the pattern angles may be independently varied to suit any desired operational requirements.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within I the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1'. In a torpedo having a cam-controlled gyroscope controlling a steering motor which vactuates the rudder, a course controller comprising, means responsive to a predetermined input pattern intelligence for producing a signal correlative to a preset initial firing angle, means responsive to a predetermined programming input for producing electrical control correlative to a preset pattern of sequentially changing steering angles, adjustable means for varying the time interval between the energization of said first and second means correlative with the speed of the torpedo, means for effecting a transfer of control from said first named means to said second named means, and means including an electric motor and gear drive connected thereto for transmitting the electrical control to the control cam of said gyroscope.

2. In a device of the class described for prescribing the course traversed by a torpedo having a gyroscope controlling the steering thereof and a control cam for providing controlled steering intelligence for said gyroscope, adjustable means including a plurality of switch contacts having rotatable contacts and positionally movable contact fingers settable at will to produce switch circuit closures of varying duration correlative to the rate of movement of said torpedo and corresponding to preset course angles determined by the positions of said contact fingers, rotatable means responsive to actuation of a propulsion motor within the torpedo for selectively energizing said contact fingers in predetermined time delayed relation, and means including an electric motor and gear drive for said control cam for transmitting to the gyroscope the signals produced by said adjustable means.

3. In a course controller adapted for use in a torpedo having a gyroscope controlling the steering thereof, in combination, an upper rotor having a plurality of semicylindrical contact strips thereon, a plurality of positionally adjustable contact fingers movable at will relative to the length of said contact strips, and disposed for contact with said contact strips, each of said contact fingers being adapted to be selectively positioned to pro: vide' a switch v(:Iosiire' control aor'di-iig to a desired course afig'le,ii'ieafisvi'esp'onsive {demands of a propuls'ioii inotof witfiifits'aid toipedo to sle'ctivlyefiergii saidcontactfing'efs iri tifn delayed sequence correlative to th sii'eed of sai pro ulsion iiiotor, motor means eiirgiid by said iipfier' rotofifof andiir ation' determined by-the' nos'itioii of the energized contact finger, said rnotor means Being connected through a carhflfieans to'dr'ive said iipfie'f rotor and t r'arisiiiit a.sig'1'1al to the gyroscope correlative to' 't'he' preset course angle.

41In' combination 'w'i'tha tipddhziiiing a proptllsion motor iiidz; .g ps'edpe controllingtlie' steering thereof, a coiirs controller comprisin a lower rotor provided with afil'irfalit'y of sefni-cy lin'd'rical Contact strifis of varying length and connected to be rotated by the propulsion motor of said tornado in correlation with movement of tl'ie'tor'pedo through a body of water, positionally adjustable contact fingers disclosed for engagement with said contact strips arid adapted to be en'e'r'giie dby' contact the'r'ewitl'i whereby said contact fingers are disposed to be sequentially energized when said propulsion motor drives said lower rotor, a'djiistable means adapted to be selectively' energized by said contact fingers and producing control corresponding to preset course angles, and circuit riiens for connecting said controller to the gyroscope whereby the t'or'riedo' will follow a pattern determined by said preset course angles.

5. A course controller intended for use with a torpedo provided with a propulsion motor and gyroscope controlling the steering thereof comprising, a lower rotor p'rdvided with a' plurality of semi-cylindrical contact strips of varying lengths and adapted for connection to be rotated by the propulsion motor of said torpedo, a pltiral'ity of Contact fingers respectively disposed for selectable movement with respect to said contact strips in a rrianrief to beeh'er'gized by engagement therewith whereby said contact strips are sequentially energized accordingto a predeter'rnin'ed program when said propillsi'on' motor drives said lower rotor, an upper rotor having" contact strips thereon, adjustable contact fingers associated with said contact strips, each of said adjustable cont'act fingers being disposed to be selectively position'd according to a" desired course angle, the contact fingers of the upper rotor being so disposed and'connected as'tobe' sequentially energized by the contact fingers of said lower rotor, a drive motor, gear means connected to said rriot'orldispos'e'd to rotate said upper rotor, thereby s gnals n5 gaia,gyfdsee emeaas mana e; with the contact jst rifispf -'saiidli1;ier ra er w s rotated iii .eith'r difeot'iori for a H A d: 5y me "ositioii of said. sq qmb1eegnt tfing rs; and whereby als; correlative of the preset course ang'lesar'e tra snn ed io saie gyroscpfie. 6. A eo'ix'rse' controller for a toriiedo having a firopnlsionniotor and a can 'controlled gyroscope controlling the steering thereof coniprising,. an' electrical sonrcew thf in the torpedo provided with a hy rostatically controlled inertia switch, a lower rotor adapted to be connected formation by saidoropnlsior'irn'otor a'ndhaviiig a pl n r'a'lity' of semi-cylindrical contact s'trifis of varying lengths disfiosed .niergemsaia oriaiet st'r'io's being energized by said electrical source throfig h said inertia switch, p11;- rality' of contact fingers' 'd p asterer sieloable: niov'enie'n t; semen; at will with r spect rq said vco'nta'c tistr i is and adapted to b'e s'eqt'lentialiyeriergi'ied when the lower rotor is rotated by said oro'pnls ion motor, an ripper rotor hdviriga pl'ifiraiity: of contact striiqs thereon a plurality of adjnstable' contact fingers, disposed for p'reset'ting desired conr'se' angles; each of the contact strips on said ripper rotor comprising" a's'jJIitring each' seg'nie'nt thereof extending through I thereby' providing' rion-condncting gaps 180 a aart', said adjustable contact fingers .a d agted to be offset wan res ect to the non-conducting aps of the Contact strips through angles correlative of the desired course ari'g'les, .a motor corinecte d to rotate said upper rotor aridpio'vid'e positioning/control for the: cam of the gyroscope, and ine'ansf'oi energizing saidrnotor connected to the contact ships on. the not)?! rotor, said adjustable contact s'tripsibeing connected for sequential energiz'ation by the Contact strips on said low e r rotor whereby said motor is energized or af'le'ngthfof tiri'ie correlative of the angle the energized adjiis'ta'ble contact finger is oifst.

References Cited in the file of this patent 'UNITED STATES-P'ATENTS 1,934,493 yh Nev. 1933,

2,108,607 Nelson eb, 15, 19 8 2,363,363 R ubi'sso w Nov. 21; 1944 2,495,530 Via Jan. 24, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 1 4 5 1 Great Britain or 19113 4o1;1-21 .Italy Jam-'7, 1943'- o pmvide Contact 1 A er at se,r sgamm ne' 

